RCEM OSCE( Difficult referral )


In the MRCEM OSCE exam, a difficult referral station is designed to assess how well you communicate clinical information and manage interpersonal challenges when referring a patient to another specialty or team.
Here are the key aspects to focus on:

1. Clinical Communication 

Present clearly: Use SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) or similar structure. 

Be concise but complete: Include relevant history, exam findings, investigations, and what you’re requesting. 

• Demonstrate clinical reasoning: Show that your referral is appropriate and justified.

2. Interpersonal Skills 

Stay calm and professional: The receiving doctor may be dismissive, unhelpful, or even rude. Keep your tone polite and non-confrontational. 

Acknowledge concerns: If they raise valid points, acknowledge and address them. 

• De-escalate conflict: Avoid arguments. Stay focused on patient care.

3. Patient Advocacy 

Focus on patient safety: If the other party refuses the referral but the patient is unstable or needs urgent input, escalate appropriately. • Stand your ground politely: Don’t back down if the referral is clearly needed, but don’t be aggressive.

4. Escalation if Needed 

Know when to escalate: If blocked and patient care is compromised, state that you would escalate to a senior (e.g. ED consultant or specialty registrar). 

• Stay within your level: Recognise your role and limitations.

5. Professionalism 

Be respectful: Even in the face of difficulty. 

Avoid blaming: Keep the discussion clinical and patient-centred.


Khaled Khalifa

Consultant Emergency Medicine

Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK

Wythenshawe Hospital